Cyber Security
Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting systems, networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, or damage. It involves a set of technologies, processes, and practices designed to safeguard digital assets from threats such as hacking, malware, phishing, ransomware, and data breaches.Cybersecurity is a field within computer science that focuses on protecting data, software, and hardware from threats such as unauthorized access, exploitation, and disruption using encryption, firewalls, antivirus software, intrusion detection systems, and secure coding practices.
Key Goals of Cybersecurity
- Confidentiality – Ensuring that information is only accessible to those authorized to access it.
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Integrity – Maintaining the accuracy and reliability of data.
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Availability – Ensuring systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed.
Common Areas of Cybersecurity
- Network Security – Protects networks from unauthorized access.
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Application Security – Secures apps against cyber threats.
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Information Security – Safeguards data from unauthorized access.
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Operational Security – Controls procedures for data protection.
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Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity – Restores systems .
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End-User Education – Trains users against cyber risks.
Network Security
- Network scanning and vulnerability assessment.
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Configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS).
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Wi-Fi security and encryption protocols (WPA2, WPA3).
- Analyzing real-time network traffic for suspicious activities using tools like Wireshark or tcpdump.
Web Application Security
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SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) analysis.
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Secure coding practices in web apps.
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Web vulnerability scanning using tools like OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite.
- Analyzing login mechanisms, session tokens, and cookie security to prevent unauthorized access.
- Ensuring proper use of HTTP security headers.
Ethical Hacking / Penetration Testing
- Basic penetration testing using Kali Linux.
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Metasploit framework for exploitation.
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Vulnerability scanning using Nessus or OpenVAS.
Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
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Log analysis using tools like Splunk or ELK Stack.
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Setting up alerts and dashboards.
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Analyzing attack patterns from logs.
Cryptography
- Implementing basic encryption/decryption in Python.
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Exploring hashing algorithms (SHA-256, MD5).
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Public key vs. private key encryption.
Incident Response and Digital Forensics
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Steps in handling a cyber incident.
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Investigating malware infections or phishing attacks.
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Forensic imaging and data recovery.
Cloud Security
- Securing AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud environments
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IAM (Identity and Access Management) configurations
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Cloud storage encryption and monitoring
IoT Security
- Security risks in smart devices
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Penetration testing on IoT systems
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Securing communications between IoT devices
Password Security and Management
- Studying password cracking techniques.
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Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA).
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Password policy implementation and enforcement.
Mobile Security
- Analyzing Android or iOS app vulnerabilities.
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Securing mobile app data and permissions.
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Studying malware in mobile devices.
Policy and Compliance
- Understanding GDPR, HIPAA, or ISO/IEC 27001.
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Writing organizational cybersecurity policies.
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Conducting a risk assessment report.
Simulation and Awareness Campaign
- Creating and testing phishing simulations.
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Conducting security awareness training for users.
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Measuring effectiveness of awareness campaigns.
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