Embedded Systems

Master bitwise operators, data masking, and flag handling.

Implement embedded loops, arrays, and conditionals.

Learn memory addressing and pointer concepts.

Structure code using modular functions.

Simulate Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs) in C.

Design a priority-based interrupt system.

Understand vector table concepts.

Practice enabling/disabling interrupts in code.

Create and manage multiple tasks with different priorities.

Implement semaphores and mutexes for resource sharing.

Use queues for inter-task communication.

Analyze context switching and scheduling behavior.

Simulate UART send/receive functionality in C.

Build a basic communication protocol parser.

Implement buffering using circular queues.

Add checksum validation for error detection.

Write mock functions to simulate master-slave interaction.

Understand bus arbitration and data framing.

Practice writing low-level bit-banging routines.

Debug communication issues using logs and state tracking.

Design FSM logic using enums or structs.

Apply FSM to real-world problems (e.g., vending machine).

Manage state transitions and outputs cleanly.

Isolate logic for scalability and testing.

Define packet structure (header, payload, checksum).

Implement byte-by-byte parsing logic.

Add CRC/checksum for integrity.

Validate through simulated data streams.

Practice static and dynamic memory allocation.

Analyze stack and heap usage patterns.

Implement your own malloc/free for learning.

Detect memory leaks and buffer overflows.

Understand stack structure and growth direction.

Estimate stack size based on function depth and local variables.

Use stack guard patterns for overflow detection.

Monitor stack usage using software tools or runtime APIs.

Create mock GPIO, UART, and Timer drivers in C.

Separate hardware-specific code using HAL.

Follow a layered architecture approach.

Practice portability across target platforms.

Use Unity/Ceedling frameworks for testing C code.

Write test cases for logic-heavy embedded functions.

Apply mocks/stubs for hardware interaction.

Measure code coverage and test completeness.

Understand the role of watchdog timers in embedded reliability.

Simulate watchdog behavior using timers in C.

Implement periodic “kick” or “refresh” logic.

Simulate system reset if the timer is not refreshed in time.